trauma. Fixations to the experiences which started the illness have long been familiar to us in hysteria”. (Freud, 1995, p.13). Freud’s theory about the patient being fixated to the initial trauma is evidently clear in Amir’s case as he is transfixed to that particular moment in his life and is unable to move forwards with his life.

Freud’s theories in Mourning and Melancholia also support this analogy as he further continues to state that:

Profound mourning, the reaction to the loss of someone who is loved, contains the same painful frame of mind, the same loss of interest in the outside world (Freud, 1916, p.244).

Freud’s theory certainly captures Amir’s duality role of being caught up in a